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Q1. Who was the first President of the ‘Indian National Congress’?
Comprehensive Description
W.C. Bonnerjee was the first President of the Indian National Congress (INC).
The Indian National Congress was founded in:
• 1885
It became one of the most important political organizations in:
• Indian freedom struggle
The first session of the Congress was held in:
• Bombay (now Mumbai)
Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, commonly known as:
• W.C. Bonnerjee
was elected as the:
• First President of INC
He was a respected:
• Lawyer
• Political leader
The Indian National Congress was formed to:
• Discuss political reforms
• Represent Indian interests
• Create unity among educated Indians
Early Congress leaders believed in:
• Constitutional methods
• Peaceful dialogue
• Political awareness
The Congress initially demanded:
• Greater participation of Indians in administration
• Civil rights
• Administrative reforms
Important early leaders associated with Congress included:
• Dadabhai Naoroji
• Surendranath Banerjee
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale
A.O. Hume, a retired British officer, helped in:
• Formation of Congress
but he was not its first President.
The Congress later became the leading organization in:
• India’s national movement
It played a major role in:
• Anti-colonial struggle
• National unity
• Freedom movement
The establishment of Congress marked the beginning of:
• Organized political activity in India
Features of Indian National Congress
• Founded in 1885
• Major political organization
• Led Indian freedom movement
• Promoted political awareness
Importance of W.C. Bonnerjee
• First President of INC
• Prominent nationalist leader
• Encouraged political unity
• Important figure in early nationalism
Options Analysis
A) Dadabhai Naoroji
Important Congress leader but not first President.
B) W.C. Bonnerjee
The Correct Answer. First President of Indian National Congress.
C) A.O. Hume
Helped establish Congress.
D) Badruddin Tyabji
Later President of INC.
Key Points to Remember
• INC founded in 1885.
• First session held in Bombay.
• W.C. Bonnerjee was first President.
• Congress led Indian freedom struggle.
• Early leaders used constitutional methods.
Real-Life Importance
The formation of the Indian National Congress laid the foundation for organized nationalism and democratic political participation in India.
Q2. In which year did the ‘Wildlife Protection Act’ implement in India?
Comprehensive Description
The Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in India in 1972.
The Act was introduced to:
• Protect wildlife
• Conserve biodiversity
• Prevent illegal hunting
India is home to:
• Forests
• National parks
• Wildlife sanctuaries
• Diverse animal species
Rapid hunting and deforestation had created threats to:
• Tigers
• Elephants
• Rhinoceroses
• Deer
• Birds
The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 aimed to:
• Safeguard endangered species
• Regulate hunting
• Protect habitats
Under this law, several protected areas were developed, including:
• National Parks
• Wildlife Sanctuaries
• Biosphere Reserves
The Act provides legal protection to:
• Wild animals
• Birds
• Plants
Hunting of protected species became:
• Illegal without permission
The Act also helped launch major conservation programs such as:
• Project Tiger
• Project Elephant
Wildlife conservation is important because it helps:
• Maintain ecological balance
• Protect biodiversity
• Preserve natural heritage
The government and environmental organizations work together for:
• Forest conservation
• Wildlife awareness
• Sustainable development
Conservation efforts also support:
• Eco-tourism
• Scientific research
• Environmental education
Features of Wildlife Protection Act
• Implemented in 1972
• Protects wildlife and habitats
• Controls illegal hunting
• Supports biodiversity conservation
Importance of Wildlife Conservation
• Maintains ecological balance
• Protects endangered species
• Preserves forests and ecosystems
• Supports sustainable environment
Options Analysis
A) 1970
Incorrect year.
B) 1972
The Correct Answer. Wildlife Protection Act implemented in this year.
C) 1982
Incorrect year.
D) 1992
Incorrect year.
Key Points to Remember
• Wildlife Protection Act enacted in 1972.
• Protects endangered animals and forests.
• Hunting restricted under law.
• Supports conservation programs.
• Important environmental legislation in India.
Real-Life Importance
Wildlife conservation helps preserve biodiversity and ensures ecological balance for future generations.
Q3. ‘Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy.’ Who said this?
Comprehensive Description
The statement “Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy” is a key conclusion highlighted in the NCERT Political Science textbook.
Power sharing means:
• Distribution of power among different groups and institutions
In a democracy, power should not remain concentrated in:
• One person
• One group
• One community
Instead, democratic systems encourage:
• Participation
• Equality
• Representation
Power sharing can occur among:
• Legislature
• Executive
• Judiciary
• Different social groups
• Different levels of government
Countries that practice power sharing effectively often experience:
• Political stability
• Social harmony
• Better governance
The concept became especially important in discussions related to:
• Belgium
• Sri Lanka
Belgium adopted power-sharing arrangements to:
• Reduce ethnic conflict
• Maintain unity
while Sri Lanka faced ethnic tensions due to:
• Lack of equal power sharing
Power sharing is important because it:
• Prevents domination
• Protects minority rights
• Strengthens democracy
Different forms of power sharing include:
• Horizontal distribution of power
• Vertical division of power
• Community government
• Coalition government
Democratic societies work better when:
• Different voices are respected
• Citizens participate equally
• Rights are protected
The idea highlights that democracy is not only about elections but also about:
• Inclusion
• Cooperation
• Fair governance
Features of Power Sharing
• Distributes authority fairly
• Prevents concentration of power
• Protects minority interests
• Encourages democratic participation
Importance of Power Sharing
• Reduces conflicts
• Promotes national unity
• Strengthens democracy
• Encourages cooperation
Options Analysis
A) Abraham Lincoln
Known for defining democracy.
B) Mahatma Gandhi
Important leader of Indian freedom struggle.
C) NCERT Political Science textbook
The Correct Answer. Important conclusion from the chapter.
D) Nelson Mandela
Leader against apartheid in South Africa.
Key Points to Remember
• Power sharing is essential in democracy.
• Prevents domination by majority groups.
• Protects minority rights.
• Important in Belgium and Sri Lanka examples.
• Promotes stability and unity.
Real-Life Importance
Power sharing helps maintain peace, equality, and democratic participation in diverse societies.
Q4. What type of resources are ‘Tidal Energy’ and ‘Solar Energy’?
Comprehensive Description
Tidal Energy and Solar Energy are renewable resources.
Renewable resources are those resources that can be:
• Replenished naturally
• Used repeatedly without exhaustion
Solar energy is obtained from:
• Sunlight
while tidal energy is generated from:
• Ocean tides
These energy sources are considered environmentally friendly because they:
• Reduce pollution
• Produce less greenhouse gases
• Support sustainable development
Solar energy is widely used for:
• Electricity generation
• Solar heaters
• Street lighting
• Household energy systems
Tidal energy uses:
• Movement of seawater
• Ocean currents
• Tidal waves
to produce electricity.
Renewable energy is becoming more important because:
• Fossil fuels are limited
• Environmental concerns are increasing
• Climate change is a global challenge
Countries across the world are investing in:
• Clean energy technologies
• Sustainable energy systems
Advantages of renewable resources include:
• Less environmental damage
• Long-term availability
• Reduced dependence on fossil fuels
Renewable energy also supports:
• Green economy
• Energy security
• Technological innovation
India promotes renewable energy through:
• Solar parks
• Wind energy projects
• Sustainable energy policies
The use of renewable resources helps create:
• Cleaner environment
• Sustainable future
Features of Renewable Resources
• Naturally replenished
• Environment friendly
• Sustainable energy source
• Reduce pollution
Importance of Renewable Energy
• Helps fight climate change
• Conserves natural resources
• Reduces fossil fuel dependence
• Supports sustainable development
Options Analysis
A) Non-renewable
Cannot be replenished quickly.
B) Renewable
The Correct Answer. Solar and tidal energy are renewable resources.
C) Biotic
Related to living organisms.
D) Abiotic
Non-living natural components.
Key Points to Remember
• Solar and tidal energy are renewable.
• Renewable resources can be reused naturally.
• Environmentally friendly energy sources.
• Important for sustainable development.
• Reduce pollution and carbon emissions.
Real-Life Importance
Renewable energy helps protect the environment and supports clean and sustainable development worldwide.
Q5. Who led the ‘Khilafat Movement’ in India?
Comprehensive Description
The Khilafat Movement in India was led by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.
The movement began after:
• First World War
Indian Muslims were concerned about:
• Future of the Ottoman Caliph
who was considered an important religious leader by many Muslims.
The Khilafat Movement aimed to:
• Protect the position of the Caliph
• Oppose harsh treatment of Turkey
The Ali brothers:
• Muhammad Ali
• Shaukat Ali
became major leaders of this movement.
The movement gained support from:
• Indian Muslims
• Nationalist leaders
Mahatma Gandhi supported the Khilafat Movement because he believed it could:
• Strengthen Hindu-Muslim unity
• Intensify anti-British struggle
The movement became linked with:
• Non-Cooperation Movement
launched by:
• Indian National Congress
People participated through:
• Boycott of British goods
• Resignation from government jobs
• Protests and demonstrations
The Khilafat Movement became an important phase in:
• Indian freedom struggle
Although the movement later declined due to political developments in Turkey, it had a major impact on:
• National politics
• Anti-colonial movements
• Hindu-Muslim cooperation
The movement demonstrated how:
• Religious concerns
• Nationalism
• Political activism
could come together during colonial rule.
Features of Khilafat Movement
• Started after First World War
• Led by Ali brothers
• Linked with Non-Cooperation Movement
• Anti-colonial political movement
Importance of the Movement
• Strengthened nationalist struggle
• Encouraged Hindu-Muslim unity
• Increased political awareness
• Opposed British policies
Options Analysis
A) Mahatma Gandhi
Supported the movement but not its main leader.
B) Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali
The Correct Answer. Main leaders of Khilafat Movement.
C) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Famous nationalist leader from North-West Frontier region.
D) Maulana Azad
Important freedom fighter and scholar.
Key Points to Remember
• Khilafat Movement led by Ali brothers.
• Started after First World War.
• Linked with Non-Cooperation Movement.
• Supported by Mahatma Gandhi.
• Important phase of freedom struggle.
Real-Life Importance
The Khilafat Movement highlights the role of unity, political awareness, and mass participation in anti-colonial struggles.
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