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Q1. Which of the following is the oldest mountain range in India?
Comprehensive Description
The Aravali Range is considered the oldest mountain range in India and one of the oldest fold mountain systems in the world.
The Aravali Range stretches across:
• Rajasthan
• Haryana
• Gujarat
• Delhi
The mountains extend from:
• Gujarat in the southwest to Delhi in the northeast
The Aravali mountains are very old and have experienced:
• Long periods of erosion
• Weathering
• Geological changes
Unlike the Himalayas, which are young fold mountains, the Aravali Range is:
• Ancient and highly eroded
The highest peak of the Aravali Range is:
• Guru Shikhar in Mount Abu, Rajasthan
The Aravali region contains:
• Forests
• Minerals
• Wildlife habitats
Important minerals found in the region include:
• Copper
• Zinc
• Marble
• Granite
The Aravali hills play an important role in:
• Preventing desert expansion
• Maintaining ecological balance
• Supporting biodiversity
The range acts as a natural barrier against:
• Spread of the Thar Desert toward eastern India
The forests in the Aravali region help in:
• Soil conservation
• Rainfall support
• Wildlife protection
Many rivers also originate from:
• The Aravali hills
Although the mountains are old and worn down, they remain important for:
• Geography
• Environment
• Economy
Features of the Aravali Range
• Oldest mountain range in India
• Highly eroded mountains
• Rich in minerals
• Stretches across western India
Importance of the Aravali Range
• Prevents desert expansion
• Supports wildlife and forests
• Provides mineral resources
• Maintains ecological balance
Options Analysis
A) Himalayas
Young fold mountains.
B) Aravali
The Correct Answer. Oldest mountain range in India.
C) Western Ghats
Ancient hills but not oldest mountain range.
D) Satpura
Central Indian mountain range.
Key Points to Remember
• Aravali is the oldest mountain range in India.
• Extends mainly through Rajasthan.
• Guru Shikhar is highest peak.
• Rich in minerals and forests.
• Helps control desert expansion.
Real-Life Importance
The Aravali Range protects the environment, supports biodiversity, and provides important mineral resources for economic development.
Q2. Who wrote the book ‘The Social Contract’?
Comprehensive Description
“The Social Contract” was written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, an important philosopher of the Enlightenment period.
Rousseau was a famous:
• Philosopher
• Political thinker
• Writer
from:
• France
“The Social Contract” was published in:
• 1762
The book became highly influential in:
• Political philosophy
• Democratic thought
• Revolutionary movements
Rousseau believed that:
• Political power should come from the people
One of the most famous ideas from the book is:
• “Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.”
The book explains:
• Relationship between citizens and government
Rousseau supported:
• Equality
• Freedom
• Popular sovereignty
He argued that governments should work according to:
• General will of the people
His ideas inspired:
• French Revolution
• Democratic movements worldwide
The Enlightenment thinkers challenged:
• Absolute monarchy
• Social inequality
• Unfair political systems
Rousseau’s philosophy encouraged people to demand:
• Rights
• Liberty
• Political participation
“The Social Contract” remains one of the most important works in:
• Political science
• Democratic theory
Features of Rousseau’s Ideas
• Power belongs to people
• Supports equality and freedom
• Promotes democracy
• Opposes absolute monarchy
Importance of the Book
• Inspired democratic movements
• Influenced French Revolution
• Promoted political rights
• Encouraged modern democracy
Options Analysis
A) Locke
Important political thinker but not author of this book.
B) Rousseau
The Correct Answer. Author of “The Social Contract.”
C) Montesquieu
Known for separation of powers.
D) Voltaire
Famous Enlightenment writer and philosopher.
Key Points to Remember
• Rousseau wrote “The Social Contract.”
• Published in 1762.
• Supported democracy and equality.
• Influenced French Revolution.
• Believed power belongs to people.
Real-Life Importance
Rousseau’s ideas helped shape modern democracy, political rights, and the concept of government based on the will of the people.
Q3. Which body has the power to interpret the Constitution in India?
Comprehensive Description
The Supreme Court of India has the power to interpret the Constitution.
The Supreme Court is the:
• Highest judicial authority in India
It protects:
• Constitution
• Fundamental rights
• Democratic principles
The Court ensures that:
• Laws and government actions follow the Constitution
Interpretation of the Constitution means:
• Explaining constitutional provisions
• Resolving legal disputes
• Clarifying meaning of laws
The Supreme Court can declare laws:
• Unconstitutional
if they violate:
• Constitutional principles
• Fundamental rights
This power is known as:
• Judicial Review
The Supreme Court also acts as:
• Guardian of the Constitution
It settles disputes between:
• Central government and states
• Different states
• Citizens and government
The Court plays an important role in:
• Protecting democracy
• Ensuring justice
• Maintaining rule of law
Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed to:
• Interpret and apply constitutional law fairly
Important constitutional matters are often decided by:
• Constitutional benches of judges
The judiciary remains independent from:
• Executive and legislature
to ensure:
• Fair decisions
• Protection of citizens’ rights
Features of the Supreme Court
• Highest court in India
• Interprets Constitution
• Protects fundamental rights
• Exercises judicial review
Importance of Constitutional Interpretation
• Protects democracy
• Maintains rule of law
• Prevents misuse of power
• Safeguards citizens’ rights
Options Analysis
A) Parliament
Makes laws but does not finally interpret Constitution.
B) Supreme Court
The Correct Answer. Highest interpreter of Constitution.
C) Prime Minister
Head of government, not judiciary.
D) President
Constitutional head of state.
Key Points to Remember
• Supreme Court interprets Constitution.
• Highest judicial body in India.
• Exercises judicial review.
• Protects constitutional values.
• Safeguards fundamental rights.
Real-Life Importance
The Supreme Court protects democracy and ensures that laws and government actions remain constitutional and fair.
Q4. What is the full form of GDP?
Comprehensive Description
GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product.
GDP refers to:
• Total value of goods and services produced within a country during a specific period
usually:
• One year
GDP is an important indicator of:
• Economic growth
• National income
• Economic performance
It includes production from sectors such as:
• Agriculture
• Industry
• Services
Examples of goods and services counted in GDP include:
• Food production
• Manufacturing
• Banking
• Transport
• Education services
GDP helps governments understand:
• Economic condition of the country
A rising GDP generally indicates:
• Economic growth
while a declining GDP may show:
• Economic slowdown
Economists use GDP to compare:
• Economic performance of countries
GDP can be measured through:
• Production method
• Income method
• Expenditure method
The service sector contributes significantly to:
• India’s GDP
GDP does not directly measure:
• Happiness
• Equality
• Environmental quality
but it remains one of the most important:
• Economic indicators worldwide
Governments use GDP data for:
• Planning policies
• Budget decisions
• Development programs
Features of GDP
• Measures economic output
• Includes goods and services
• Calculated annually
• Important economic indicator
Importance of GDP
• Shows economic growth
• Helps policy planning
• Allows global comparison
• Measures production level
Options Analysis
A) Gross Domestic Product
The Correct Answer.
B) General Development Program
Incorrect expansion.
C) Gross Democratic Power
Incorrect term.
D) Government Deposit Plan
Incorrect expansion.
Key Points to Remember
• GDP means Gross Domestic Product.
• Measures total production in country.
• Important economic indicator.
• Includes goods and services.
• Used for economic planning.
Real-Life Importance
GDP helps governments and economists understand the country’s economic condition and plan development strategies.
Q5. The word ‘Democracy’ is derived from which Greek word?
Comprehensive Description
The word “Democracy” is derived from the Greek word:
• Demokratia
The term is formed from:
• “Demos” meaning people
• “Kratos” meaning rule or power
Therefore, democracy means:
• Rule of the people
Democracy is a system of government in which:
• Citizens participate in governance
People choose representatives through:
• Elections
Ancient Greece, especially:
• Athens
is considered one of the earliest examples of:
• Democratic governance
In modern democracies, important features include:
• Free elections
• Rule of law
• Equality
• Fundamental rights
• Citizen participation
Democracy ensures that:
• Government is accountable to people
Citizens can:
• Express opinions
• Vote freely
• Criticize government peacefully
Democracy protects:
• Rights and freedoms
The idea of democracy spread across the world because it promotes:
• Participation
• Equality
• Justice
India is known as:
• Largest democracy in the world
Democracy encourages governments to work for:
• Welfare of citizens
Features of Democracy
• Rule by people
• Free and fair elections
• Protection of rights
• Government accountability
Importance of Democracy
• Encourages participation
• Protects freedoms
• Promotes equality
• Strengthens justice and accountability
Options Analysis
A) Demokratia
The Correct Answer. Greek origin of Democracy.
B) Demo-Power
Not actual Greek word.
C) Dictatorship
Opposite political system.
D) Demology
Incorrect term.
Key Points to Remember
• Democracy comes from Greek word Demokratia.
• “Demos” means people.
• “Kratos” means rule.
• Democracy means rule of people.
• India is world’s largest democracy.
Real-Life Importance
Democracy gives citizens the right to participate in governance and helps maintain freedom, equality, and accountability in society.