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Class 7 Science MCQ Questions with Answers based on NCERT concepts. Revise periodic motion, speed calculation, speedometer, pressure exerted by fluids, and speed of moving objects with exam-focused explanations.
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Chapter Information
Subject: Science
Class: 7
Topics: Motion and Time, Speed and Measurement, Pressure
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Difficulty Level: Easy to Moderate
Based On: NCERT Concepts
Introduction
Motion and measurement are important concepts in Class 7 Science. We observe different types of motion in everyday life, such as the movement of vehicles, swinging objects and the motion of a pendulum.
This practice set covers important concepts related to periodic motion, speed, speed measurement and pressure exerted by liquids and gases.
What You Will Learn
✔ Periodic motion
✔ Speed and its calculation
✔ Speedometer and its use
✔ Pressure exerted by liquids and gases
✔ Meaning of speed in terms of distance and time
Why This Topic Is Important?
Understanding motion and speed helps students explain how objects move and compare their movement. The concept of pressure is also important for understanding how liquids and gases behave and exert force on surfaces.
These concepts are useful for school examinations as well as understanding everyday scientific observations.
Exam Relevance
These questions are useful for:
✔ School Tests
✔ Unit Tests
✔ Half-Yearly Exams
✔ Annual Exams
✔ Science Quiz Competitions
✔ Class 7 Revision
Q1. Liquids and gases exert pressure on:
A) In all directions
B) Only side walls
C) Only bottom of the container
D) None of these
Answer
In all directions
Concept
Fluids, which include liquids and gases, exert pressure on the surfaces with which they are in contact.
Explanation
A liquid inside a container exerts pressure on the bottom as well as the walls of the container. Similarly, gases exert pressure in different directions.
Therefore, liquids and gases exert pressure in all directions.
Exam Focus
Liquids and gases → Pressure in all directions
Q2. The distance covered by an object in unit time is called its:
A) Time
B) Motion
C) Distance
D) Speed
Answer
Speed
Concept
Speed is the distance travelled by an object in a unit of time.
Formula
$$\text{Speed}=\frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$$
Explanation
When we compare how quickly different objects move, we use speed. An object covering more distance in the same time has greater speed.
Exam Focus
Distance covered in unit time → Speed
Speed tells us how fast an object is moving. It is defined as the distance travelled in a given amount of time.
Formula:
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Understanding it:
If an object covers more distance in less time, it has higher speed.
Example:
- A car covering 60 km in 1 hour has a speed of 60 km/h
- A person walking slowly has lower speed
Q3. Which of the following is used to measure the speed of a vehicle?
A) Barometer
B) Speedometer
C) Odometer
D) Thermometer
Answer
Speedometer
Concept
A speedometer is an instrument used in vehicles to show their speed.
Explanation
The speedometer gives the instantaneous speed of a vehicle, usually in units such as km/h.
An odometer has a different function: it records the total distance travelled by the vehicle.
Exam Focus
Speedometer → Speed
Odometer → Distance travelled
A speedometer is a device used to measure the instant speed of a moving vehicle.
Where it is found:
It is fitted in vehicles like bikes, cars, and buses.
Difference from odometer:
- Speedometer → shows speed
- Odometer → shows total distance travelled
Example:
When you drive a bike, the needle or digital display shows your speed in km/h.
Q4. A simple pendulum is an example of:
A) Circular motion
B) Periodic motion
C) Rectilinear motion
D) Random motion
Answer
Periodic motion
Concept
A motion that repeats itself at regular intervals of time is called periodic motion.
Explanation
A simple pendulum moves repeatedly to and fro about its mean position. If the motion is maintained under suitable conditions, the pendulum repeats its movement after regular intervals.
A simple pendulum is an example of periodic motion, which means motion that repeats itself at equal intervals of time.
Therefore, a simple pendulum is an example of periodic motion.
Exam Focus
Repeated motion at regular intervals → Periodic motion
What is a pendulum?
It is a small object (bob) tied to a string and allowed to swing back and forth.
Why periodic:
Its motion repeats again and again in the same pattern.
Example:
- Wall clock pendulum
- Swing in a playground
Q5. Speed is calculated as:
A) Distance + Time
B) Distance / Time
C) Time / Distance
D) Distance × Time
Answer
Distance / Time
Concept
Speed tells us how much distance an object covers in a given amount of time.
Formula
$$\text{Speed}=\frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$$
Explanation
If an object covers a greater distance in the same amount of time, its speed is greater.
For example, if an object travels $$100,m$$ in $$20,s$$:
$$\text{Speed}=\frac{100}{20}=5,m/s$$
Exam Focus
Remember:
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Speed is calculated by dividing the distance travelled by the time taken.
Formula:
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Understanding it:
- More distance in less time → higher speed
- Less distance in more time → lower speed
Units of speed:
- m/s (meter per second)
- km/h (kilometer per hour)
Example:
If a car travels 100 km in 2 hours,
Speed = 100 ÷ 2 = 50 km/h
Important Formulas & Concepts
1. Speed
$$\text{Speed}=\frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$$
2. Distance
$$\text{Distance}=\text{Speed}\times\text{Time}$$
3. Time
$$\text{Time}=\frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Speed}}$$
4. Periodic Motion
Motion that repeats itself at regular intervals is called periodic motion.
Example: Simple pendulum.
5. Measuring Instruments
Speedometer → Measures speed
Odometer → Measures distance travelled
6. Pressure by Fluids
Liquids and gases exert pressure in all directions.
Related Practice Questions
- What type of motion is shown by the hands of a clock?
- What is the SI unit of speed?
- Which instrument records the distance travelled by a vehicle?
- Do gases exert pressure on the walls of a container?
- What happens to speed when the same distance is covered in less time?
Mini Quiz Challenge
Fill in the blanks:
- A simple pendulum shows ______ motion.
- Speed is equal to distance divided by ______.
- A vehicle’s speed is shown by a ______.
- Liquids and gases exert pressure in ______ directions.
- Distance travelled in unit time is called ______.
Exam Tips
✔ Remember the difference between speedometer and odometer.
✔ Learn the speed formula carefully.
✔ A pendulum is a common example of periodic motion.
✔ Liquids and gases exert pressure in all directions.
✔ Always check the units when solving numerical questions based on speed.
Quick Revision Notes
✔ Simple pendulum → Periodic motion
✔ Speed → Distance ÷ Time
✔ Vehicle speed → Speedometer
✔ Vehicle distance → Odometer
✔ Fluids exert pressure → In all directions
✔ Distance covered per unit time → Speed
Common Mistakes Students Make
❌ Confusing speedometer with odometer.
❌ Using time divided by distance instead of distance divided by time.
❌ Thinking that a pendulum shows random motion.
❌ Assuming liquids exert pressure only on the bottom of a container.
❌ Forgetting to use appropriate units while calculating speed.
Key Takeaways
- A simple pendulum demonstrates periodic motion.
- Speed represents distance travelled per unit time.
- A speedometer measures the speed of a vehicle.
- An odometer records the distance travelled by a vehicle.
- Liquids and gases exert pressure in all directions.
- The basic speed formula is:
$$\text{Speed}=\frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$$
FAQs
1. What type of motion does a simple pendulum show?
A simple pendulum shows periodic motion because its movement repeats at regular intervals.
2. How is speed calculated?
Speed is calculated using:
$$\text{Speed}=\frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$$
3. Which instrument measures the speed of a vehicle?
A speedometer measures the speed of a vehicle.
4. What does an odometer measure?
An odometer records the distance travelled by a vehicle.
5. In how many directions do liquids and gases exert pressure?
Liquids and gases exert pressure in all directions.
Conclusion
The concepts of motion, speed and pressure are important parts of Class 7 Science. Understanding periodic motion, the relationship between distance and time, measuring instruments and the pressure exerted by fluids makes it easier to solve conceptual and numerical questions. Regular MCQ practice can help students strengthen these fundamentals and prepare effectively for examinations.
NCERT Reference
Book: NCERT Science – Class 7
Relevant Concepts: Motion and Time, measurement of speed, periodic motion, and pressure exerted by fluids.
Reference: NCERT-based concepts and Class 7 Science curriculum.
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