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Practice Class 10 Science Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts with 5 NCERT-based MCQs on salts, their formation, chemical reactions, pH, and common salt-related concepts.
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Chapter Information
Subject: Science
Class: 10
Chapter: Acids, Bases and Salts
Question Type: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Practice Set: 5
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Based On: NCERT Syllabus
Introduction
Salts are an important group of compounds formed during several reactions involving acids and bases. Their properties and uses are closely connected with the reactions from which they are produced.
Different salts can have different chemical properties depending on the acid and base involved in their formation. Common salt, in particular, is an important raw material for the preparation of several useful substances.
This Practice Set 5 focuses on salts, their formation, pH of salt solutions, common salt and important reactions involving salts.
What You Will Learn
✔ Formation of salts
✔ Neutralisation and salt formation
✔ Nature of salt solutions
✔ Common salt
✔ Sodium chloride
✔ Important reactions involving salts
✔ Relationship between acids, bases and salts
Why This Topic Is Important
Questions related to salts are an important part of Acids, Bases and Salts. Students should understand how salts are formed and why different salt solutions can show acidic, basic or neutral behaviour.
The concept of common salt is also important because it acts as a starting material for preparing several useful chemicals.
5 MCQs with Answers and Detailed Solutions
Q1. Which salt is formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?
A) Sodium carbonate
B) Sodium chloride
C) Calcium chloride
D) Potassium chloride
Answer: B) Sodium chloride
Detailed Solution
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a neutralisation reaction.
The reaction is:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
The salt formed is sodium chloride (NaCl).
Therefore, the correct answer is B) Sodium chloride.
Exam Tip
Remember:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
Q2. Which of the following salts is commonly known as common salt?
A) Sodium hydroxide
B) Sodium chloride
C) Sodium carbonate
D) Calcium carbonate
Answer: B) Sodium chloride
Detailed Solution
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly known as common salt.
It is widely used in food and is obtained mainly from seawater or salt deposits.
Common salt is also an important raw material for preparing several useful chemicals.
Therefore, the correct answer is B) Sodium chloride.
Exam Tip
Remember:
Common salt = Sodium chloride = NaCl
Q3. Which of the following is formed when sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid?
A) Sodium chloride, water and carbon dioxide
B) Sodium hydroxide and oxygen
C) Sodium oxide and hydrogen
D) Sodium chloride and hydrogen only
Answer: A) Sodium chloride, water and carbon dioxide
Detailed Solution
Sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride, water and carbon dioxide.
The balanced equation is:
Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
The carbon dioxide produced can be tested by passing it through lime water, which turns milky.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Exam Tip
Remember:
Metal carbonate + Acid → Salt + Water + CO₂
Q4. Which of the following statements about a salt solution is correct?
A) Every salt solution is necessarily acidic
B) Every salt solution is necessarily basic
C) Salt solutions can have different pH values depending on the acid and base from which the salt is formed
D) Salt solutions never contain ions
Answer: C) Salt solutions can have different pH values depending on the acid and base from which the salt is formed
Detailed Solution
Salts are formed from reactions involving acids and bases.
The nature of a salt solution depends on the acid and base involved in its formation.
For example:
- Sodium chloride is formed from a strong acid and a strong base and gives an approximately neutral solution.
- Some salts can produce acidic or basic solutions depending on their parent acid and base.
Therefore, it is incorrect to say that every salt solution is either acidic or basic.
Hence, the correct answer is C.
Exam Tip
Do not assume:
Salt = Always Neutral
The nature of a salt solution depends on its formation.
Q5. Which substance is an important starting material for the preparation of sodium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen?
A) Sodium chloride solution
B) Calcium carbonate
C) Copper sulphate
D) Sodium bicarbonate
Answer: A) Sodium chloride solution
Detailed Solution
A concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride is called brine.
Electrolysis of brine produces sodium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen.
The overall process is represented as:
2NaCl + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + Cl₂ + H₂
This process is known as the chlor-alkali process.
Therefore, the correct answer is A) Sodium chloride solution.
Exam Tip
Remember:
Brine electrolysis → NaOH + Cl₂ + H₂
This is called the chlor-alkali process.
Important Concepts
1. Formation of Salt
Salts can be formed through different chemical reactions.
A common example is the reaction between an acid and a base:
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Example:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
2. Common Salt
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly known as common salt.
It is an important substance used in everyday life and also serves as a raw material for preparing several useful chemicals.
3. Reaction of Sodium Carbonate with Acid
Sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce sodium chloride, water and carbon dioxide.
Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
4. Brine
A concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride is called brine.
Brine is an important raw material in the chlor-alkali process.
5. Chlor-Alkali Process
When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, it produces:
- Sodium hydroxide
- Chlorine
- Hydrogen
The process is called the chlor-alkali process.
Related Practice Questions
Q1. What is common salt?
Q2. Write the chemical formula of sodium chloride.
Q3. What products are formed when sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid?
Q4. What is brine?
Q5. What is the chlor-alkali process?
Mini Quiz Challenge
Try answering these questions within 60 seconds.
Q1. What is the chemical formula of common salt?
A) NaOH
B) NaCl
C) Na₂CO₃
D) NaHCO₃
Q2. Which gas is released when sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid?
A) Hydrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Nitrogen
Q3. What is brine?
A) Concentrated aqueous sodium chloride solution
B) Concentrated hydrochloric acid
C) Sodium hydroxide solution
D) Calcium carbonate solution
Q4. Which process uses brine to produce sodium hydroxide?
A) Haber process
B) Chlor-alkali process
C) Contact process
D) Solvay process
Q5. Which salt is formed in the reaction between HCl and NaOH?
A) Na₂CO₃
B) NaCl
C) CaCl₂
D) KCl
Exam Tips
✔ Remember the chemical formula of common salt: NaCl.
✔ Learn the reaction of sodium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.
✔ Remember that carbon dioxide is produced when acids react with carbonates.
✔ Learn the meaning of brine.
✔ Remember the products of the chlor-alkali process.
✔ Practise balanced chemical equations involving salts.
✔ Do not assume that every salt solution has exactly the same pH.
Quick Revision Notes
✔ Common salt: Sodium chloride (NaCl)
✔ Neutralisation: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
✔ Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
✔ Brine: Concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride
✔ Chlor-alkali process: Electrolysis of brine
✔ Products of brine electrolysis: NaOH, Cl₂ and H₂
✔ Salt solutions can show different pH behaviour depending on their origin.
Common Mistakes Students Make
❌ Confusing sodium chloride with sodium hydroxide.
❌ Forgetting the carbon dioxide produced during the reaction of carbonate with acid.
❌ Confusing brine with pure water.
❌ Forgetting the products of the chlor-alkali process.
❌ Assuming that all salts produce neutral solutions.
❌ Writing an unbalanced chemical equation.
Key Takeaways
✔ Sodium chloride is commonly known as common salt.
✔ Salts can be formed through neutralisation reactions.
✔ Sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce sodium chloride, water and carbon dioxide.
✔ Brine is a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
✔ Electrolysis of brine is called the chlor-alkali process.
✔ The chlor-alkali process produces sodium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen.
✔ Understanding salt formation helps explain several important reactions in this chapter.
FAQs
Q. What is common salt?
Answer:
Common salt is sodium chloride (NaCl).
Q. What happens when sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid?
Answer:
It produces sodium chloride, water and carbon dioxide.
Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
Q. What is brine?
Answer:
Brine is a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
Q. What is the chlor-alkali process?
Answer:
The electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) to produce sodium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen is called the chlor-alkali process.
Q. Which salt is formed by the reaction of HCl and NaOH?
Answer:
The reaction forms sodium chloride (NaCl) and water.
Conclusion
Class 10 Science Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts focuses on important concepts related to salts, especially sodium chloride, brine, salt formation and the chlor-alkali process.
Understanding these concepts will help students prepare for further topics such as baking soda, washing soda, bleaching powder and plaster of Paris in the upcoming practice sets.
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