Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India

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Practice Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India MCQs based on NCERT. Learn about Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad Satyagraha, plantation workers, peasants and the growth of the national movement with detailed explanations for exam preparation.

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Chapter Information

Class: 10
Subject: Social Science – History
Chapter: 2 – Nationalism in India
Practice Set: 2
Focus: Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad Satyagrahas and Early Peasant Movements

Introduction

After returning to India, Mahatma Gandhi organised several Satyagraha movements in different parts of the country. These local struggles helped him understand the problems faced by peasants, workers and other sections of Indian society.

In 1916, Gandhi travelled to Champaran in Bihar to support peasants who were facing problems under the indigo plantation system. In 1917, he organised a Satyagraha there.

Gandhi also intervened in the struggles of peasants in Kheda, Gujarat, and mill workers in Ahmedabad. These movements became important examples of Satyagraha and helped establish Gandhi as an important leader of the national movement.

What You Will Learn

In this practice set, you will learn about:

• Champaran Satyagraha
• Indigo cultivators in Champaran
• The Tinkathia system
• Kheda Satyagraha
• Peasant problems in Kheda
• Ahmedabad mill workers’ struggle
• Gandhi’s method of Satyagraha
• The importance of local movements

Why This Topic Is Important

The early Satyagraha movements were important because they connected the national movement with the everyday problems of peasants and workers.

These movements also demonstrated how Gandhi used non-violent resistance to address local grievances and mobilise people.

5 MCQs with Detailed Solutions

Question 1

Why did Mahatma Gandhi go to Champaran in Bihar in 1916?

A. To support indigo cultivators
B. To establish a new factory
C. To support British plantation owners
D. To organise a military campaign

Answer: To support indigo cultivators

Detailed Solution:
Gandhi went to Champaran in Bihar to support peasants who were being forced to cultivate indigo. The peasants faced difficult conditions under the plantation system. Gandhi’s intervention resulted in an inquiry into their grievances and became an important early example of Satyagraha in India.

Question 2

What was the Tinkathia system associated with?

A. Cotton cultivation in Kheda
B. Indigo cultivation in Champaran
C. Textile production in Ahmedabad
D. Wheat cultivation in Punjab

Answer: Indigo cultivation in Champaran

Detailed Solution:
The Tinkathia system was associated with indigo cultivation in Champaran. Under this arrangement, peasants were required to cultivate indigo on a portion of their land. Gandhi supported the peasants in their struggle against the oppressive conditions associated with the plantation system.

Question 3

Which problem was faced by peasants in Kheda?

A. They were unable to pay revenue because of crop failure
B. They were forced to work in textile mills
C. They were prohibited from growing food crops
D. They were required to leave their villages

Answer: They were unable to pay revenue because of crop failure

Detailed Solution:
In Kheda district of Gujarat, crops failed and the peasants faced serious economic difficulties. They requested that revenue collection be relaxed because they were unable to pay the demanded revenue. Gandhi supported the peasants in their struggle and organised a Satyagraha.

Question 4

Who were involved in the Ahmedabad mill workers’ struggle of 1918?

A. Indigo cultivators
B. Textile mill workers
C. Plantation owners
D. Soldiers

Answer: Textile mill workers

Detailed Solution:
The Ahmedabad mill workers were involved in a dispute with mill owners over wages. Gandhi intervened in the dispute and supported the workers. He used Satyagraha as a method of achieving a peaceful settlement.

This movement showed that Gandhi’s approach was not limited to peasant issues but could also be used in industrial disputes.

Question 5

What was a major feature of Gandhi’s Satyagraha method?

A. Use of physical violence
B. Peaceful resistance against injustice
C. Support for colonial laws
D. Armed rebellion

Answer: Peaceful resistance against injustice

Detailed Solution:
Gandhi’s Satyagraha was based on truth and non-violence. It involved resisting injustice without using physical violence. The early movements in Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad demonstrated how this method could be applied to different social and economic problems.

Important Concepts

Champaran Satyagraha:
A 1917 movement led by Gandhi in support of peasants who were facing problems under the indigo plantation system.

Tinkathia System:
An arrangement under which peasants in Champaran were required to cultivate indigo on a portion of their land.

Kheda Satyagraha:
A movement in Gujarat in which peasants sought relief from revenue demands during a period of crop failure and economic hardship.

Ahmedabad Mill Workers’ Struggle:
A 1918 dispute involving textile mill workers and mill owners over wages, in which Gandhi intervened.

Satyagraha:
A method of non-violent resistance based on truth and moral force.

Related Practice Questions

1. Why did the peasants of Champaran oppose the indigo plantation system?
2. What was the Tinkathia system?
3. Why did the peasants of Kheda demand relaxation of revenue collection?
4. What was the cause of the Ahmedabad mill workers’ dispute?
5. How did the early Satyagraha movements strengthen Gandhi’s position in the national movement?

Mini Quiz Challenge

Question:
Which crop were peasants in Champaran forced to cultivate under the plantation system?

Answer: Indigo

Exam Tips

• Remember Champaran – Indigo – 1917.
• Learn the meaning of the Tinkathia system.
• Remember Kheda – crop failure – revenue demand.
• Remember Ahmedabad – mill workers – wages.
• Understand that all three movements demonstrated Gandhi’s method of Satyagraha.
• Do not confuse Champaran with Kheda or Ahmedabad.

Quick Revision Notes

• Gandhi returned to India in 1915.
• Champaran was associated with indigo cultivators.
• Gandhi organised the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917.
• The Tinkathia system was related to indigo cultivation.
• Kheda peasants faced difficulties after crop failure.
• The Kheda movement was connected with revenue demands.
• Ahmedabad involved textile mill workers.
• The Ahmedabad struggle took place in 1918.
• Gandhi used Satyagraha in these local struggles.
• These movements helped connect local grievances with the national movement.

Common Mistakes Students Make

• Confusing the Tinkathia system with a tax system.
• Mixing up Champaran and Kheda.
• Forgetting that Champaran was associated with indigo cultivation.
• Confusing Ahmedabad mill workers with peasants.
• Assuming that Satyagraha involved physical violence.
• Forgetting that Gandhi used non-violent resistance in these movements.

Key Takeaways

Gandhi’s early Satyagraha movements in Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad connected the national movement with the problems of peasants and workers. These struggles demonstrated the practical application of truth and non-violence and helped Gandhi emerge as an important national leader.

FAQs

Q1. Why did Gandhi go to Champaran?
A. He went to support peasants facing problems under the indigo plantation system.

Q2. What was the Tinkathia system?
A. It was an arrangement requiring peasants in Champaran to cultivate indigo on a portion of their land.

Q3. Why did the Kheda peasants demand relief?
A. Crop failure made it difficult for them to pay the demanded revenue.

Q4. Who participated in the Ahmedabad struggle?
A. Textile mill workers participated in the struggle.

Q5. What method did Gandhi use in these movements?
A. He used Satyagraha based on truth and non-violence.

Conclusion

The early Satyagraha movements in Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad brought Gandhi closer to the problems of peasants and workers. These local struggles became important examples of non-violent resistance during India’s national movement.

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