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Q1. Which state of matter has the weakest intermolecular forces?
Answer: Gas
🔍 Detailed Explanation:
Matter exists in three main states: solid, liquid, and gas. The particles in each state are held together by intermolecular forces (forces between molecules).
- In solids, particles are tightly packed → strong forces
- In liquids, particles are less tightly packed → moderate forces
- In gases, particles are far apart → very weak forces
⚙️ Why gases have weakest forces?
In gases, particles move freely in all directions and have maximum distance between them. Because of this, the attraction between particles is very weak.
🧠 Examples:
- Air spreads easily in a room
- Gas can be compressed easily
👉 Exam Line:
“Gases have the weakest intermolecular forces because their particles are far apart and move freely.”
Q2. SI unit of momentum is:
Answer: kg m/s
🔍 Detailed Explanation:
Momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity:
Momentum = Mass × Velocity
- Mass is measured in kilograms (kg)
- Velocity is measured in meters per second (m/s)
So, the SI unit becomes:
kg × m/s = kg m/s
⚙️ Important Concept:
Momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
🧠 Examples:
- A fast-moving truck has more momentum than a bicycle
- Increasing speed increases momentum
👉 Exam Line:
“The SI unit of momentum is kg m/s as it is the product of mass and velocity.”
Q3. Proton was discovered by:
Answer: Rutherford
🔍 Detailed Explanation:
The proton is a positively charged particle present in the nucleus of an atom.
Ernest Rutherford discovered the proton during his experiments on atomic structure. His work helped in understanding the nucleus of the atom.
⚙️ Key Contributions:
- Discovered the nucleus
- Identified positively charged particles (protons)
🧠 Examples:
- Every atom has protons in its nucleus
- The number of protons decides the element
👉 Exam Line:
“Proton was discovered by Ernest Rutherford during atomic structure experiments.”
Q4. Velocity is:
Answer: Vector
🔍 Detailed Explanation:
Velocity is defined as the speed of an object in a particular direction.
- Speed only tells how fast something moves → scalar
- Velocity tells both speed and direction → vector
⚙️ Why velocity is a vector?
Because direction is always required to fully describe velocity.
🧠 Examples:
- 20 m/s → speed
- 20 m/s north → velocity
👉 Exam Line:
“Velocity is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction.”
Q5. Collenchyma provides:
Answer: Flexibility
🔍 Detailed Explanation:
Collenchyma is a type of plant tissue found in stems and leaves.
Its main function is to provide support along with flexibility, allowing plants to bend without breaking.
⚙️ Key Features:
- Cells are elongated
- Walls are unevenly thickened
- Found in growing parts of plants
🧠 Examples:
- Helps stems bend in wind
- Found in leaf stalks
👉 Exam Line:
“Collenchyma provides flexibility and mechanical support to plants.”
✅ Quick Revision (Fast Recall):
- Gas → weakest forces
- Momentum → kg m/s
- Proton → Rutherford
- Velocity → vector
- Collenchyma → flexibility