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Practice Class 10 Science MCQs on Aqua Regia, Heart Valves, Nephron, Fertilization in Plants, and Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule with explanations.
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Q1. Which of the following is used for dissolution of gold?
Correct Answer: Aqua regia
Detailed Explanation
Gold is a highly unreactive metal and does not dissolve in ordinary acids. Aqua regia, a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and nitric acid in the ratio of 3:1, can dissolve gold. Nitric acid oxidizes the gold while hydrochloric acid helps form soluble compounds. Therefore, aqua regia is used for dissolving gold.
Important NCERT Points
- Gold is a noble metal and is highly resistant to corrosion.
- Aqua regia is a mixture of concentrated HCl and HNO₃.
- The ratio of hydrochloric acid to nitric acid is 3:1.
- Aqua regia can dissolve gold and platinum.
Exam-Oriented Fact
Aqua regia means “Royal Water” because it can dissolve noble metals like gold.
Quick Revision Line
Gold dissolves in aqua regia, a 3:1 mixture of HCl and HNO₃.
Q2. The function of valves in the heart is to:
Correct Answer: Ensure that blood flows only in one direction
Detailed Explanation
Heart valves prevent the backward flow of blood and ensure that blood moves in only one direction through the heart chambers. This helps maintain efficient circulation throughout the body. Without valves, blood could flow backward and reduce the efficiency of the circulatory system.
Important NCERT Points
- Valves are present between heart chambers and major blood vessels.
- They prevent backflow of blood.
- Valves help maintain one-way blood circulation.
- Proper valve functioning is essential for efficient pumping.
Exam-Oriented Fact
The tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves regulate blood flow between the heart chambers.
Quick Revision Line
Heart valves ensure one-way flow of blood.
Q3. A basic unit of the kidney is called:
Correct Answer: Nephron
Detailed Explanation
The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. It filters blood, removes waste products, and helps maintain water and salt balance in the body. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons that work continuously to produce urine.
Important NCERT Points
- Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
- It filters blood and forms urine.
- It consists of Bowman’s capsule and renal tubule.
- Kidneys contain a large number of nephrons.
Exam-Oriented Fact
The process of urine formation includes filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
Quick Revision Line
Nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.
Q4. Which part of the flower develops into a fruit after fertilization?
Correct Answer: Ovary
Detailed Explanation
After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into a fruit. The ovules inside the ovary develop into seeds. The fruit protects the seeds and helps in their dispersal. This process is an important stage in the reproduction of flowering plants.
Important NCERT Points
- Ovary develops into a fruit after fertilization.
- Ovules develop into seeds.
- Fertilization occurs after the fusion of male and female gametes.
- Fruits protect developing seeds.
Exam-Oriented Fact
Seed formation and fruit formation occur simultaneously after fertilization.
Quick Revision Line
The ovary develops into a fruit after fertilization.
Q5. According to Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule, the forefinger points in the direction of:
Correct Answer: Magnetic field
Detailed Explanation
Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule helps determine the direction of force on a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field. In this rule, the forefinger represents the magnetic field, the middle finger represents current, and the thumb represents force or motion.
Important NCERT Points
- Forefinger indicates magnetic field.
- Middle finger indicates electric current.
- Thumb indicates force or motion.
- The rule is used in electric motors.
Exam-Oriented Fact
Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule is commonly used to explain the working of electric motors.
Quick Revision Line
In Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule, the forefinger represents the magnetic field.
One-Line Revision Sheet
- Aqua regia dissolves gold and consists of HCl and HNO₃ in a 3:1 ratio.
- Heart valves ensure one-way flow of blood.
- Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
- The ovary develops into a fruit after fertilization.
- In Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule, the forefinger shows the magnetic field.
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