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Class 10 Science MCQs on graphite conducting non-metal, xylem water transport, DNA full form, gastric juice pH, and the balanced equation of respiration with exam-focused descriptions and quick revision notes.
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Chapter Information
Class: 10
Subject: Science
Topics Covered: Carbon and Its Compounds, Life Processes, Heredity and Reproduction, Acids, Bases and Salts, Respiration
Introduction
Science becomes easier when important concepts are understood clearly and revised regularly. This practice set covers five important Class 10 Science questions related to the properties of carbon, transportation in plants, DNA, digestion, and cellular respiration.
These concepts are useful for school examinations as well as objective-type questions.
What You Will Learn
In this practice set, you will revise:
- Why graphite can conduct electricity
- The function of xylem in plants
- The full form and importance of DNA
- The acidic nature of gastric juice
- The balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration
Why This Topic Is Important
These concepts connect different areas of Class 10 Science. Understanding them helps students solve MCQs, short-answer questions, and concept-based examination questions with greater accuracy.
MCQs with Detailed Descriptions
Q1. Which non-metal is a good conductor of electricity?
A) Iodine
B) Phosphorus
C) Sulphur
D) Graphite
Answer: Graphite
Description for Exam
Graphite is a form of carbon and is an exception among non-metals because it conducts electricity.
Its carbon atoms are arranged in layers. One electron from each carbon atom can move relatively freely within the layers, allowing graphite to conduct electric current.
Key Point: Graphite is a non-metal but a good conductor of electricity.
Exam Tip: Remember that graphite conducts electricity, while most non-metals are poor conductors.
Q2. The xylem in plants is responsible for:
A) Transport of oxygen
B) Transport of water
C) Transport of food
D) Transport of amino acids
Answer: Transport of water
Description for Exam
Xylem is a vascular tissue responsible mainly for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves.
The movement of water through xylem is generally upward. Transpiration from leaves helps create a pulling force that assists the upward movement of water.
Key Point:
Xylem → Water and minerals
Phloem → Food
Q3. The expansion of DNA is:
A) Double Nucleic Acid
B) Denovo Nucleic Acid
C) Deoxy Nucleic Acid
D) Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
Answer: Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
Description for Exam
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is the genetic material present in the cells of living organisms.
DNA contains genetic information that plays an important role in the inheritance of characteristics from parents to offspring.
The standard full form is written as:
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Exam Tip: The correct spelling is Deoxyribonucleic Acid, not simply “Deoxy Nucleic Acid.”
Q4. The pH of gastric juice released during digestion is:
A) More than 7
B) Less than 7
C) Equal to 7
D) Zero
Answer: Less than 7
Description for Exam
Gastric juice in the stomach contains hydrochloric acid (HCl), which makes the stomach contents acidic.
Therefore, the pH of gastric juice is less than 7.
The acidic medium helps in the digestion of food and also provides suitable conditions for the action of digestive enzymes such as pepsin.
Key Point:
- pH < 7 → Acidic
- pH = 7 → Neutral
- pH > 7 → Basic
Exam Tip: Do not choose zero simply because gastric juice is strongly acidic. Its pH is acidic but is not normally zero.
Q5. Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation for the respiration process?
A) $$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy$$
B) $$C_6H_{12}O_6 + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + H_2O$$
C) $$C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2C_2H_5OH + 2CO_2$$
D) $$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$$
Answer: A) $$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy$$
Description for Exam
Aerobic respiration involves the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen. It produces carbon dioxide, water, and releases energy.
The balanced equation is:
$$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy$$
The number of atoms of each element is conserved on both sides of the equation.
Key Point: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy.
Important Formulas & Concepts
1. Graphite
- Graphite is an allotrope of carbon.
- It is a non-metal.
- It conducts electricity because of its mobile electrons.
- It is used in electrodes and other electrical applications.
2. Xylem
Xylem → Water + Minerals
Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals mainly from roots towards the aerial parts of the plant.
3. DNA
DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA carries hereditary information and plays an important role in determining inherited characteristics.
4. pH Scale
$$pH < 7 \rightarrow Acidic$$
$$pH = 7 \rightarrow Neutral$$
$$pH > 7 \rightarrow Basic$$
Gastric juice is acidic because it contains hydrochloric acid.
5. Aerobic Respiration
$$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy$$
Related Practice Questions
- Which tissue transports food in plants?
- Which acid is present in the stomach?
- What is the full form of RNA?
- Name another allotrope of carbon.
- What are the main products of aerobic respiration?
Mini Quiz Challenge
Try answering these without looking at your notes:
1. Which plant tissue transports food?
2. Is gastric juice acidic or basic?
3. What is the full form of DNA?
4. Which allotrope of carbon conducts electricity?
5. What gas is used during aerobic respiration?
Exam Tips
- Remember the important difference: xylem transports water, phloem transports food.
- Graphite is an important exception because it is a conducting non-metal.
- Learn the complete spelling of Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
- Gastric juice is acidic, so its pH is less than 7.
- Practise the balanced respiration equation carefully.
- Check the number of atoms on both sides when identifying a balanced chemical equation.
Quick Revision Notes
- Graphite → Conducting non-metal
- Xylem → Transports water and minerals
- DNA → Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- Gastric juice → Acidic
- HCl → Present in gastric juice
- Aerobic respiration → Uses oxygen
- Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
- pH below 7 → Acidic
Common Mistakes Students Make
Mistake 1: Thinking all non-metals are poor conductors
Graphite is an important exception because it conducts electricity.
Mistake 2: Confusing xylem and phloem
Remember:
Xylem → Water and minerals
Phloem → Food
Mistake 3: Writing an incomplete DNA full form
The correct full form is Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
Mistake 4: Assuming gastric juice has pH zero
Gastric juice is acidic, but that does not mean its pH is zero.
Mistake 5: Choosing an unbalanced respiration equation
Always count the atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen on both sides before selecting the equation.
FAQs
Q1. Why does graphite conduct electricity?
Graphite has electrons that can move relatively freely within its layered structure, allowing it to conduct electricity.
Q2. What does xylem transport?
Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.
Q3. What is DNA?
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid and carries hereditary information.
Q4. Why is gastric juice acidic?
Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid, which creates an acidic environment in the stomach.
Q5. What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
$$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy$$
Key Takeaways
- Graphite is a conducting non-metal.
- Xylem transports water and minerals.
- DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
- Gastric juice has an acidic nature.
- Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and releases energy.
- A chemical equation must be balanced to obey the law of conservation of mass.
Conclusion
These five questions revise important Class 10 Science concepts from different chapters. Understanding the functions of xylem, the properties of graphite, the role of DNA, the acidic nature of gastric juice, and the equation of respiration can help students answer objective and concept-based questions more confidently.
Regular revision of such concepts can make Science preparation more effective and improve accuracy in examinations.
NCERT Reference
Reference: NCERT Science Textbook, Class 10 — relevant concepts from Life Processes, Carbon and Its Compounds, How Do Organisms Reproduce? / Heredity-related concepts, and Acids, Bases and Salts.
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