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Q1. Which fiber is known as ‘Golden Fibre’?
Comprehensive Description
Jute is known as the “Golden Fibre” because of its golden-brown color and its great economic importance.
Jute is a natural vegetable fiber obtained mainly from the stem of jute plants. It is one of the cheapest and strongest natural fibers and is widely used for making:
- Bags
- Ropes
- Mats
- Carpets
- Packaging materials
Jute grows best in:
- Warm and humid climate
- Heavy rainfall areas
- Fertile alluvial soil
In India, major jute-producing states include:
- West Bengal
- Assam
- Bihar
- Odisha
India is one of the leading producers of jute in the world.
Jute is eco-friendly and biodegradable, making it important in reducing plastic use.
Characteristics of Jute
- Strong natural fiber
- Golden-brown color
- Biodegradable
- Low-cost fiber
Options Analysis
A) Cotton
Cotton is widely used for textiles but is not called Golden Fibre.
B) Jute
The Correct Answer. Jute is known as the Golden Fibre.
C) Wool
Wool is obtained from animals like sheep.
D) Silk
Silk is produced from silkworms.
Key Points to Remember
- Jute is called Golden Fibre.
- Mostly grown in eastern India.
- Requires humid climate and fertile soil.
- Used for bags and ropes.
- Environment-friendly fiber.
Real-Life Importance
Jute helps support rural industries, exports, and eco-friendly manufacturing.
Q2. Who was the founder of the ‘Brahmo Samaj’?
Comprehensive Description
Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 in Kolkata to reform Indian society and promote modern thinking.
The Brahmo Samaj was a socio-religious reform movement that opposed:
- Sati system
- Child marriage
- Idol worship
- Social discrimination
Raja Ram Mohan Roy strongly supported:
- Women’s rights
- Widow remarriage
- Modern education
- Freedom of press
He believed in monotheism, meaning belief in one God, and encouraged rational thinking and social reform.
Because of his contributions, Raja Ram Mohan Roy is often called the “Father of Modern India.”
The Brahmo Samaj played an important role in awakening social consciousness during the 19th century.
Objectives of Brahmo Samaj
- Social reform
- Religious reform
- Promotion of education
- Elimination of social evils
Options Analysis
A) Swami Vivekananda
He founded the Ramakrishna Mission.
B) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
The Correct Answer. He founded the Brahmo Samaj.
C) Dayanand Saraswati
He founded the Arya Samaj.
D) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
He was a great social reformer but not the founder of Brahmo Samaj.
Key Points to Remember
- Brahmo Samaj founded in 1828.
- Founder → Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
- Opposed Sati and social evils.
- Promoted women’s rights and education.
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy is called Father of Modern India.
Real-Life Importance
The Brahmo Samaj helped modernize Indian society and inspired future social reform movements.
Q3. The ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’ are taken from the constitution of which country?
Comprehensive Description
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution were borrowed from the Constitution of Ireland.
These principles are mentioned in:
- Part IV of the Indian Constitution
- Articles 36 to 51
Directive Principles are guidelines for the government to establish social and economic democracy in the country.
Although they are not legally enforceable in courts, they are considered fundamental in the governance of the nation.
The objectives of DPSP include:
- Reducing inequality
- Promoting welfare of people
- Ensuring social justice
- Providing equal opportunities
Examples include:
- Equal pay for equal work
- Promotion of education
- Protection of environment
- Improvement of public health
Importance of DPSP
- Helps build a welfare state
- Guides government policies
- Promotes social justice
- Supports economic equality
Options Analysis
A) USA
India borrowed Fundamental Rights from the USA.
B) Ireland
The Correct Answer. DPSP were inspired by the Irish Constitution.
C) Canada
India borrowed federal features from Canada.
D) Australia
Some constitutional provisions were inspired by Australia.
Key Points to Remember
- DPSP borrowed from Ireland.
- Mentioned in Part IV of Constitution.
- Articles 36–51.
- Non-justiciable principles.
- Aim to establish welfare state.
Real-Life Importance
Directive Principles guide governments in making policies for social welfare and national development.
Q4. TISCO (Tata Iron and Steel Company) is located in which city?
Comprehensive Description
TISCO (Tata Iron and Steel Company), now known as Tata Steel, is located in Jamshedpur in Jharkhand.
It was established in 1907 by Jamsetji Tata and became India’s first large-scale private steel company.
Jamshedpur is often called the “Steel City of India” because of the importance of Tata Steel in the city’s development.
The location was selected because it had easy access to:
- Iron ore
- Coal
- Water supply
- Transportation facilities
The steel produced by Tata Steel is used in:
- Construction
- Railways
- Automobiles
- Machinery
- Infrastructure projects
TISCO played a major role in India’s industrialization and economic growth.
Reasons for Location of TISCO
- Near raw materials
- Availability of water
- Good transport facilities
- Skilled labour availability
Options Analysis
A) Bhilai
Bhilai Steel Plant is located in Chhattisgarh.
B) Jamshedpur
The Correct Answer. TISCO is located in Jamshedpur.
C) Rourkela
Rourkela Steel Plant is located in Odisha.
D) Durgapur
Durgapur Steel Plant is located in West Bengal.
Key Points to Remember
- TISCO established in 1907.
- Located in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.
- Founded by Jamsetji Tata.
- Jamshedpur is called Steel City of India.
- Important for industrial development.
Real-Life Importance
Tata Steel contributed greatly to India’s industrial growth, employment generation, and infrastructure development.
Q5. The ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’ was started with which famous event?
Comprehensive Description
The Civil Disobedience Movement was started with the famous Dandi March led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930.
The movement began as a protest against the British Salt Law, which imposed tax on salt and prevented Indians from producing salt independently.
On March 12, 1930, Gandhi started the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram in Gujarat along with his followers. After traveling about 240 miles, he reached Dandi on April 6, 1930, and broke the Salt Law by making salt from seawater.
This simple act became a powerful symbol of resistance against British rule and inspired millions of Indians to participate in the freedom movement.
The Civil Disobedience Movement included:
- Boycott of British goods
- Refusal to pay taxes
- Violation of colonial laws
- Mass protests
The movement spread throughout India and became one of the major phases of the freedom struggle.
Objectives of Civil Disobedience Movement
- Protest against British laws
- Achieve Swaraj (self-rule)
- Encourage mass participation
- Boycott British rule peacefully
Options Analysis
A) Rowlatt Satyagraha
This movement took place earlier in 1919.
B) Dandi March
The Correct Answer. Civil Disobedience Movement began with the Dandi March.
C) Quit India Movement
This movement started in 1942.
D) Non-Cooperation Movement
This movement began in 1920.
Key Points to Remember
- Civil Disobedience Movement started in 1930.
- Led by Mahatma Gandhi.
- Began with the Dandi March.
- Protested against Salt Law.
- Encouraged mass resistance against British rule.
Real-Life Importance
The Dandi March became a global symbol of peaceful protest and strengthened India’s struggle for independence.
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